The term Aigýptios in Greek came to designate the native Egyptian population in Roman Egypt (as distinct from Greeks, Romans, Jews, etc.). This Mycenaean form is likely from Middle Egyptian ḥwt kꜣ ptḥ (reconstructed pronunciation /ħawitˌkuʀpiˈtaħ/ → /ħajiʔˌkuʀpiˈtaħ/ → /ħəjˌkuʔpəˈtaħ/, Egyptological pronunciation Hut-ka-Ptah), literally "estate/palace of the kꜣ ("double" spirit) of Ptah" (compare Akkadian āluḫi-ku-up-ta-aḫ), the name of the temple complex of the god Ptah at Memphis (and a synecdoche for the city of Memphis and the region around it). The Greek term for Egypt, Aígyptos ( Ancient Greek: Αἴγυπτος), itself derives from the Egyptian language, but dates to a much earlier period, being attested already in Mycenaean Greek as a 3-ku-pi-ti-jo (lit. The Coptic word in turn represents an adaptation of the Greek term for the indigenous people of Egypt, Aigýptios ( Αἰγύπτιος). The English language adopted the word Copt in the 17th century from New Latin Coptus, Cophtus, which derives from the Arabic collective qubṭ / qibṭ قبط "the Copts" with nisba adjective qubṭī, qibṭī قبطى, plural aqbāṭ أقباط Also quftī, qiftī (where the Arabic / f/ reflects the historical Coptic / p/) an Arabisation of the Coptic word ⲁⲓⲅⲩⲡⲧⲓⲟⲛ aiguption ( Bohairic) or ⲕⲩⲡⲧⲁⲓⲟⲛ kuptaion ( Sahidic). The majority of demographic, socioeconomic and health indicators are similar among Copts and Muslims. In Egypt, Copts have relatively higher educational attainment, relatively higher wealth index, and a stronger representation in white collar job types, but limited representation in security agencies. Ĭopts of Coptic ancestry maintain a distinct ethnic identity, and generally reject an Arab identity. The Copts played a central role in the Arab Renaissance and the modernization of Egypt and the Arab world as a whole, and they contributed to the "social and political life and key debates such as Arabisim, good governance, educational reform, and democracy", and they flourished in business affairs. The smaller Coptic Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic Church, in communion with the See of Rome others belong to the Evangelical Church of Egypt. Most Copts adhere to the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an Oriental Orthodox Church. Persecution is pivotal to Copts' sense of identity. And historically, the Copts suffered from "waves of persecution giving way to relative tolerance in cycles that varied according to the local ruler and other political and economic circumstances". Īfter the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 639 and 646 AD, the treatment of the Coptic Christians ranged from relative tolerance to open persecution. Copts in Sudan constitute the largest Christian community in Sudan, and Copts in Libya constitute the largest Christian community in Libya, accounting for an estimated 1% of their respective populations. Copts in Egypt constitute the largest Christian population in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as the largest religious minority in the region, accounting for roughly 5–20% of the Egyptian population, although the exact percentage is unknown.
Originally referring to all Egyptians at first, the term 'Copt' became synonymous with being a Christian, as a result of Egypt's Arabization and Islamization. Historically, ethnic Copts spoke the Coptic language, a direct descendant of the Demotic Egyptian that was spoken in late antiquity. Coptic Orthodox Christians are also the largest Christian denomination in Sudan and Libya. Coptic Orthodox Christians are the largest Christian denomination in Egypt and in the Middle East.
Most ethnic Copts are Coptic Orthodox Christians. The Copts ( Coptic: ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, romanized: niremənkhēmi Arabic: الْقِبْط, al-Qibṭ) are an ethnoreligious group indigenous to North Africa who have primarily inhabited the area of modern Egypt and Sudan since antiquity.
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